While navigating future dreams of career and success, students are often left bewildered and surprised by the costs of post-secondary education. While we all recognize that college and university degrees can offer opportunities we would otherwise miss, it can be daunting to imagine ourselves spending so much money on them.

Most students find that loans are a necessary reality when pursuing post-secondary attention. Although savings and scholarships will certainly contribute, loans can be a way to invest in the future even when you haven’t yet found ways to put money away for it. Student loans are competitive and you can find the best choice for you by considering several different options.

There are a few common loan types that you will want to investigate, including federal loans, personal loans, and consolidation loans. And as with any loan, you will need to consider the interest rate as well as loan limits and fees, and especially terms. By understanding terms you will know when it is time to start repaying, and avoid late or missed payments.

Typically interest rates are lower on federal student loans then on personal loans, which are awarded by banks and other lending institutions. Typically personal loans start incurring interest immediately and may require you to make loan repayments immediately, whereas federal loans often allow a term that includes at least the length of your post-secondary program, and perhaps several months after. With the longer term provided by federal loans, you can get some extra time to find a job after school.

Personal loans may also require a cosigner, such as your parent, and may not have the options for deferment and forgiveness that federal loans do. While private loans can be a life-saver when federal loans and other methods are not possible, it is in your best interest to try for federal loans first.

Consolidation loans are typically used when you want to refinance your student loans, either because the minimum payments are too high, or because you can save on interest rates. Keep in mind that consolidating to extend your repayment will create more costs in the end as the interest will continue to accrue. Any gain in interest may not be worthwhile, and for federal loans in particular, you are likely already getting the best rate. Finally, consolidating your federal loans can mean you lose options relating to deferments and forgiveness, so be sure if you go that route you can make your new payments on time, every time.

Don’t Make This Mistake

Don’t make the mistake of simply missing payments back on your student loans when the time comes. This is called a “default”, and has some severe penalties. If it occurs, your loans may be turned over to a collection agency which can incur court costs and attorney fees you may end up responsible for on top of your loans and interest. Your wages could be garnished, your tax refunds and other government benefits could be intercepted, you won’t be eligible for other federal aid, and perhaps most importantly, your credit record will be damaged badly. A bad credit report can prevent you not only from obtaining auto loans, mortgages, and credit cards in the future, it could also result in job applications and rental applications being denied.